CHEM& 131 - Introduction to Organic/Biochemistry with Lab

• Classify, name, and write formulas for hydrocarbons and their halogen derivatives; describe their physical properties, including trends in boiling point
• Recognize structural and geometric isomers
• Predict the products of addition reactions to alkenes, including the formation of addition polymers
• Classify, name, and write formulas for alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters; describe their physical properties, including trends in boiling point and water solubility
• Define terms associated with oxidation and reduction; predict the products of the oxidation and/or reduction of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, and carboxylic acids
• Predict the products of reactions involving the formation and hydrolysis of esters and polyesters
• Classify, name, and write formulas for amines and amides; describe their physical properties and the reactions involved in the formation of amides and polyamides
• Recognize the physiological effects of amines and amides, including common alkaloids and analgesics
• Recognize and classify the products of reactions of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols
• Understand the origin of optical isomerization
• Define and know the physical properties of carbohydrates
• Recognize, classify, and know the biological functions of common mono-, di-, and polysaccharides
• Describe the biological functions of proteins
• Recognize and classify amino acids; understand how they are polymerized to form polypeptides; describe the four levels of protein structure and the forces that stabilize them
• Understand how enzymes function and the factors that affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions
• Describe the structures and functions of DNA and RNA and the processes of replication, transcription, and translation
• Describe the effects of mutations on protein structure
• Understand methods for producing genetically modified organisms
• Define catabolism and anabolism and explain the roles of the ATP cycle and of oxidizing and reducing agents in these processes
• Understand the role of mitochondria in the common catabolic pathway
• Describe the catabolism of glucose, including the functions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, and fermentation
• Describe the metabolic fates of complex carbohydrates, fatty acids, and proteins
• Understand the physiological effects of uncontrolled diabetes